September, 2002
Abstract
- We look at Topic Maps and architectures that support Augmented Story Telling.
Plan
- Introduction to Topic Maps
- Knowledge from a Constructivist Point of View
- Augmented Story Telling
- Towards an Architecture for Augmented Story Telling
About Topic Maps
- Topic Maps
- Are like the index of a book
- Reside outside of information resources (book, documents)
- Facilitate the construction of a relational knowledge base about information resources
- Facilitate indexing into information resources
Elements of a Topic Map: Topic
- A Topic is a container for information that is related to a Subject
- Information related to a Topic includes
- Names
- Occurrences
-
Roles played in Associations
- Topics associated with other Topics
Elements of a Topic Map: Associations
- Associations express relationships between Topics.
- Associations are typed
- Associations point to members (Topics)
- Members can have roles (Topics)
Elements of a Topic Map: Occurrences
- Occurrences point to specific objects in information resources (documents)
- Occurrences can be typed
Architecture of a Topic Map
A Topic Map of a Story
What is Knowledge?
Gowan’s Knowledge V –Building Knowledge
Big Segue
- We know a bit about Topic Maps
- We know a bit about Knowledge
- Let’s look at a practical knowledge activity:
“All social change begins with a conversation”*
- “From a casual conversation between two friends, a medical relief effort for Vietnamese children emerged. And it all began when ‘some friends and I started talking’ ”
- Margaret J. Wheatley, “All Social Change begins with a conversation”, The Utne Reader: Society, found on the Web at http://www.utne.com, 28 July, 2002
Towards a Manifesto
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Towards a Point of View
- From the manifesto:
- “...only a living language can create living patterns and only living patterns can create living environments”
- From Edna St. Vincent Millay:
- “...but there exists no loom to weave it into fabric”
- The skill of writing is to create a context in which other people can think. –Edwin Schlossberg
Augmented Story Telling rocks!
- Ta daa! A Point of View
-
Maybe…
- We don’t know that yet…
- We must get busy and prove it…
- Ok. Call it a working hypothesis and move on!
Why Stories?
- “…stories are a powerful means to understand what happened (the sequence of events) and why (the causes and effects of those events).” –John Seely Brown[Brown, 2000] page 106
Why Stories on the Web?
- “With the proliferation of online interaction and composing of various digital online spaces for intercultural and global communication, computer-mediated communication and digital technologies have come to play a significant role in the process of globalization.”
- –Jilliana Enteen and Radhika Gajjala, 2002.”Teaching Globalization & Intercultural Communication: A Virtual Exchange Project,” KAIROS: 7.2, available on the Web at http://129.118.38.138/kairos/7.2/binder.html?sectiontwo/enteen
Focus Question
- If we wish to create an augmented story space, a software system with which users will write stories…
- Then, how do we structure that story space to serve as a context in which other people can think?
Two Story Spaces are Needed*
- Space where stories are told
- Primarily, statements of facts, observations, beliefs, “what I think”
- Space where dialog about the story occurs
- Arguments, additional findings
- Seamless integration between the two
Towards Augmented Story Telling
- A working hypothesis
- Chunk stories into AddressableInformationResources
- Sentences, paragraphs, etc.
- Seamless integration of IBIS Discussion for each AddressableInformationResource
- Automatically generated link, ready to use
An Augmented Story Architecture
IBIS View of a Question
An Augmented Story Space
Where to go from here?
- Build Augmented Story Spaces
- Use them
- Let’s Roll...
References
- [Alexander, 1977] Alexander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein, 1977. A Pattern Language, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- [Bonk, 1998] Bonk, Curtis Jay, and Kira S. King (Editors), 1998. Electronic Collaborators: Learner-Centered Technologies for Literacy, Apprenticeship, and Discourse, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- [Brown, 2000] Brown, John Seely, and Paul Duguid, 2000. The Social Life of Information. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press
- [Clancey, 1997] Clancey, William J. 1997. Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
- [Engelbart, 1992] Engelbart, Douglas C. 1992. Toward High-Performance Organizations: A Strategic Role for Groupware”. Available on the Web at http://www.bootstrap.org/augment/AUGMENT/132811.html
- [Engelbart, 2000] Engelbart, Doug, 2000. “Draft OHS-Project Plan”. Available on the Web at http://www.bootstrap.org/augment/BI/2120.html
- [Lakoff, 1999] Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson, 1999. Philosophy In The Flesh: The Embodied Mind And Its Challenge To Western Thought. New York, NW: Basic Books
- [Leuf & Cunningham, 2001] Leuf, Bo, and Ward Cunningham, 2001. The Wiki Way, Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley
- [Maturana & Verala, 1987] Maturana, Humberto R. and Francisco J. Verala, 1987. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding, Boston, MA: New Science Library.
References continued
- [Mintzes, et al. 1998] Mintzes, Joel J., James H. Wandersee, and Joseph D. Novak, Editors, 1998, Teaching Science for Understanding: A Human Constructivist View. Boston, MA: Academic Press.
- [Ryan, 2001] Ryan, Marie-Laure, 2001. Narrative as Virtual Reality. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press
- [Park, 2001] Park, Jack, 2001. “Bringing Knowledge Technologies to the Classroom,” Paper presented at Knowledge Technologies 2001, Austin Texas, March 4-2. Available on the web at http://www.thinkalong.com/JP/ParkKT2001.pdf
- [Park, 2002] Park, Jack [Editor] and Sam Hunting [Technical Editor], 2002. XML Topic Maps. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.